{"id":5504,"date":"2011-02-05T00:00:35","date_gmt":"2011-02-04T21:00:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.globe-trotter.ro\/ziaruldela5\/?p=5504"},"modified":"2011-02-05T02:38:28","modified_gmt":"2011-02-04T23:38:28","slug":"istoria-cartii-i","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.globe-trotter.ro\/ziaruldela5\/2011\/02\/05\/istoria-cartii-i\/","title":{"rendered":"Istoria C\u0103r\u0163ii (I)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>1. \u00cenceputurile<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Prima limb\u0103 scris\u0103 (\u00een accep\u0163iunea modern\u0103, cu cuvinte \u00eentregi) a fost cea sumerian\u0103. Acum cinci milenii \u015fi jum\u0103tate, &#8220;textele&#8221; erau cioplite \u00een piatr\u0103; abia pe la 3100 \u00ee.Hr. au fost inventate t\u0103bli\u0163ele \u015fi cilindrii din lut ars &#8212; pe care le putem numi, cu oarecare indulgen\u0163\u0103, <em>primele c\u0103r\u0163i.<\/em><br \/>\n<!--more--><br \/>\nCred c\u0103 pu\u0163ini sunt cei care \u00ee\u015fi mai amintesc de scandalul interna\u0163ional produs pe tema descoperirii a trei t\u0103bli\u0163e de lut ars \u00een localitatea T\u0103rt\u0103ria (jude\u0163ul Alba) \u00een anul 1961. Controversa a r\u0103mas \u00een coad\u0103 de pe\u015fte; dar dac\u0103 acele t\u0103bli\u0163e sunt reale, scrierea este cu certitudine anterioar\u0103 celei sumeriene, situ\u00e2ndu-se undeva prin neolitic.<\/p>\n<p>De pe la 500 \u00ee.Hr. sulurile de papirus au \u00eenceput s\u0103 domine &#8220;pia\u0163a scriiturilor&#8221; (mai ales \u00een Egipt, Elada \u015fi chiar la Roma); cu toate acestea, t\u0103bli\u0163ele de lut au supravie\u0163uit \u00eenc\u0103 o jum\u0103tate de mileniu. Romanii sunt cei care au inventat t\u0103bli\u0163ele reutilizabile. Acestea erau confec\u0163ionate din lemn \u015fi erau acoperite cu cear\u0103. Cu ajutorul unui b\u0103\u0163 ascu\u0163it &#8212; numit &#8220;stilum&#8221; &#8212; discipolii, negustorii sau preo\u0163ii scriau pe stratul de cear\u0103. Aceste t\u0103bli\u0163e puteau fi ulterior \u015fterse (tabula rasa) \u015fi utilizate din nou. Prin reunirea unor astfel de t\u0103bli\u0163e cerate au ap\u0103rut celebrele <em>codice,<\/em> primele c\u0103r\u0163i ale Imperiului roman.<\/p>\n<p align=\"right\"><span style=\"font-size: xx-small;\"><em>(Continuare s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2na viitoare)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1. \u00cenceputurile Prima limb\u0103 scris\u0103 (\u00een accep\u0163iunea modern\u0103, cu cuvinte \u00eentregi) a fost cea sumerian\u0103. Acum cinci milenii \u015fi jum\u0103tate, &#8220;textele&#8221; erau cioplite \u00een piatr\u0103; abia pe la 3100 \u00ee.Hr. au fost&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[72,103],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5504","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ceea-ce-conteaza","category-istoria-cartii"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.globe-trotter.ro\/ziaruldela5\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5504","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.globe-trotter.ro\/ziaruldela5\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.globe-trotter.ro\/ziaruldela5\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.globe-trotter.ro\/ziaruldela5\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.globe-trotter.ro\/ziaruldela5\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5504"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.globe-trotter.ro\/ziaruldela5\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5504\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10077,"href":"https:\/\/www.globe-trotter.ro\/ziaruldela5\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5504\/revisions\/10077"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.globe-trotter.ro\/ziaruldela5\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5504"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.globe-trotter.ro\/ziaruldela5\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5504"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.globe-trotter.ro\/ziaruldela5\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5504"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}